Spray irrigation systems are presented as an efficient and practical alternative for irrigating crops, standing out for their land cover capacity and their almost self-sufficient nature. This system works by applying water in a similar way to rain, using sprinklers connected to a network of pressurized pipes. With efficiencies that can reach between 80 and 85%, these systems ensure a homogeneous distribution of water, reaching even the deepest corners of the field.

The sprinkler irrigation system is adaptable to different irrigation doses and types of soil, whether smooth or undulating, without the need to prepare or level the soil. Additionally, it includes hydraulic automation and automatic programmers, minimizing the need for labor. This system also allows the application of additional treatments such as fertilizers and pesticides, as well as anti-frost measures, using water that can come from various sources such as wells, rivers or lakes, and that is stored in suitable tanks.

Types of sprinkler irrigation systems

1. Conventional:

   - Fixed system: Sprinklers in fixed positions with buried or superficial pipes.

   - Semi-fixed system: Sprinklers that move manually or mechanically.

2. Self mechanized:

   - They use electric motors or hydraulic systems to move the sprinklers.

   - They include pivoting and lateral displacement systems.

3. Microsprinkler:

   - Produces fine droplets similar to nebulization.

Microspray irrigation produces fine mist-like droplets, while radial displacement irrigation involves radially rotating wheel-mounted pipes for centralized water supply. In frontal displacement, the pipes move perpendicularly to water rectangular areas.

Among the advantages of sprinkler irrigation, the best irrigation quality stands out by imitating rain, labor savings thanks to automation, and lower water consumption compared to flood irrigation. This system is adaptable to different types of soils and allows precise control in water dosage, also facilitating additional treatments. The distribution of water is homogeneous and controllable through the speed of spraying.

However, sprinkler irrigation also has disadvantages. It can waste water and promote the growth of weeds. Its efficiency depends greatly on pressure and energy, which can be a limitation in its use. Additionally, it is not suitable for low filtration soils and requires clean, purified water, which adds a level of complexity to the system. Wind conditions can affect water distribution, and certain crops, such as berries, should not receive water atomization.

To install a sprinkler irrigation system, several essential elements are needed: a pumping system to provide adequate pressure, an optimized pipe network, sprinklers capable of managing water pressure, a water tank connected to the network, and elements control and regulation to ensure efficient and precise operation of the system.